While you may have made investments to claim   deduction under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, there are various   payments, investments which are available as deduction against an   individual's taxable income. 
It is your duty to pay tax to the government, but overpaying taxes is   not wise. While you may have, for instance, made investments to claim   deduction under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, there are various   payments / investments which are available as deduction against an   individual's taxable income. A few are mentioned below:
  1. Deduction towards rent paid for accommodation provided is available, subject to conditions.
  For salaried individuals, an exemption for the rent paid is allowed being the least of the following:
  # actual HRA received,
  # actual rent paid as reduced by 10% of basic pay, or
  # 40% / 50% of the basic pay (depending on the location of accommodation)
  For non-salaried individuals, a deduction is allowed being the least of following (subject to conditions)
  # Rs 60,000,
  # actual rent paid as reduced by 10% of total income, or 25% of total income.
  2. Payment towards medical insurance premium up to Rs 25,000 for   self, spouse and dependent children and up to Rs 25,000 for parents is   allowed as a deduction. In case of senior citizens, the limit is   extended to Rs 30,000.
  3. In case an individual is a salaried employee, reimbursement   towards medical expenses of up to Rs 15,000 is available for exemption.
  4. Deduction is allowed for interest paid on education loan taken for   higher education subject to conditions. The deduction is allowed for   eight years or till the loan is repaid, whichever is earlier.
  5. Interest payments on loan taken for purchase of property are   allowed up to Rs 200,000 for self-occupied property, while there is no   limit for deduction in case of let-out properties. However, in case of   let-out properties, loss of only up to Rs 200,000 is available for   set-off in the same year and the balance needs to be carried forward for   set-off against income from house property (up to the next 8 years).
  6. Donations to a notified organization / fund are available as   deduction up to 50%-100% of the donations made depending on the type of   organization / fund.
  Certain investments which can also be considered as deductions are listed below:
  7. Where an individual has earned long-term capital gains, and the   gains are invested in REC / NHAI / other notified bonds (up to Rs 50   lakh) within a duration of six months of the sale, such gains can be   exempt.
  8. Where an individual earns the long-term capital gains on transfer   of residential house property and reinvests the same to purchase /   construct another residential house property, an exemption of such gains   is available subject to conditions.
  9. Similarly, where sale proceeds of long-term capital assets (other   than house property) are reinvested to purchase / construct a house   property, an exemption is available subject to specified conditions.
  10. Where an individual makes a contribution towards National Pension Scheme, an additional benefit of Rs 50,000 is available.