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The countrys largest bank, State Bank of India, raised base rates ( BRs) by 10 basis points ( bps), last week. This means an effective increase of 0.1 per cent on all loans. In addition, from October 1, the spreads on home loans will go up by five to 10 bps. For loans below ₹ 30 lakh, the spread will be 30 bps, as against 25 bps now. For loans of ₹ 30- 75 lakh, the spread will be 50 bps, as against 40 bps now. This means for loans up to ₹ 30 lakh the effective rate will be 10.1 per cent; for between ₹ 30 and 75 lakh, the effective rate will be 10.3 per cent.   While the rise in BR will apply to existing and new customers, the increase in spreads will apply to new borrowers only. The Reserve Bank of India defines the spread as an extra amount the banker adds to cover credit risk, profit mark- up, etc. The amount differ between lenders but is usually constant over the life of the loan.   For banks, the spread is positive; the final interest rate is the BR + the spread. For housing finance companies, it is negative. An HFC will mention its rate as a discount to the Benchmark Prime Lending Rate.   In the case of SBI's loans, the difference works out to ₹ 96,000 for a ₹ 60- lakh loan, over a 20- year period. SBI's margins, despite the rise, continue to be the lowest. For instance, ICICI Bank charges 40 bps for loans up to ₹ 30 lakh and 65- 125 bps for above ₹ 30 lakh.   An official from SBI said there was no way the bank would be able to reduce spreads, as the cost of funds had gone up. Yet, there are ways you can negotiate for a better spread at the time of taking the loan. In fact, RBI advises a borrower first check if the margin in case of a floating rate is fixed or variable. So, while looking at rates, check the margin on the loan as well. The website of a foreign bank says, The interest rates mentioned are indicative and the bank may in certain instances and at its discretion charge a differential pricing than (these) published rates. If your lender raises the spread, you can shift to the older spreads by closing the existing loan agreement and signing anew one. You can shift to a new lender or continue with the existing one. To retain the customer, your existing lender will allow you to shift to the lower spread by paying a switchover fee.   Sometimes, loan aggregators are able to negotiate for better spreads from lenders, since they provide bulk customers.   Individual borrowers, too, can negotiate for better spreads, depending on profile, credit worthiness, relationship with the bank, value of the property and so on.   For instance, if two customers have the same income but one has fewer loans, then it is possible the lender might offer him better spreads, says an official with an HFC. With more lenders accessing and sharing data with credit bureaus, this will become more common.   If you convince the lender that you have a better offer from a competitor, you might be offered better spreads, in an attempt to retain you. According to Vipul Patel, of Home Loan Advisors, a mortgage advisory firm, there is no standard formula but banks can go down to 25 bps of margin over the BR.   Banks will certainly want to accommodate clients with a clear repayment record. Also, clients who have borrowed less as compared to their property values or disposable income will have a definite edge over others   Negotiate with lenders to lower the spread; there are reasons why they might oblige and ways you can shop around

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